The
Origins
Square Kufic
Square Kufic is a stylized evolution of the ancient Kufic script, characterized by its geometric, rectangular, and rectilinear elements. This unique form of calligraphy arranges these shapes to form meaningful words, blending artistic creativity with cultural values. Emerging prominently in the 9th century, Square Kufic became a key feature in religious texts and architectural decorations. Its intricate, puzzle-like designs captivated audiences, both literate and illiterate, symbolizing a harmonious blend of aesthetic beauty and spiritual significance across the Islamic world.
Emergence
Square Kufic emerged as an artistic evolution of the traditional Kufic script, influenced by the rising value of science and geometry in the Islamic world. Originating in Iran and Afghanistan, this script gained prominence for its use in architectural decoration, particularly on the external facades of buildings like the minaret ordered by Mas'ud III in Afghanistan. Square Kufic's geometric and puzzle-like compositions, developed on walls rather than paper, spread rapidly across the Islamic regions, from Central Asia to the Middle East and Anatolia, symbolizing a blend of art, science, and religious adherence.
Structure
Square Kufic is distinguished by its geometric structure, consisting solely of horizontal and vertical lines that form right-angled and rectangular shapes. The script requires meticulous skill as each letter must fit within defined borders without gaps or overlaps, ensuring uniformity in line thickness and spacing. The black lines, or "sawad," and the white spaces, or "bayadh," must maintain a consistent thickness. This strict adherence to straight lines and right angles, combined with the absence of curves or decorations, creates a harmonious, grid-like aesthetic that is both functional and artistically innovative.
There are three structural styles of Square Kufic, each with its unique characteristics. Follow along to explore these styles in detail and understand how they differ in form and application.
Single
The "Single" or "Monfared" style of Square Kufic is a minimalist approach to the art form, characterized by its use of one word rendered in simple, geometric shapes. This style is designed to enhance readability, making it easier for viewers to grasp the meaning at a glance. Typically used in religious and monumental architecture, the Single style leverages the power of a solitary word, such as a name or religious term, to create a strong visual and spiritual impact. The simplicity and clarity of the design allow the word to stand out, often adorned with geometric patterns that further emphasize its significance, ensuring that the intended message resonates with all who see it.
Rotative
The rotative style of Square Kufic, also known as Bana'i Gardan, is characterized by the repetition of words arranged symmetrically around a central axis, creating intricate geometric patterns. This style often involves groups of words, such as "Ali," repeated and intertwined to form a cohesive design. A notable feature of this style is its ability to balance positive and negative spaces, making the design both visually appealing and symbolically significant. The word "Ali," particularly, holds a special place in this style, being a central element in many compositions.
Complicated
The "Complicated" style of Square Kufic is distinguished by its intricate integration of longer texts, such as Quranic Surahs or poetry, into geometric frameworks. This style showcases the artists' mastery in embedding extensive phrases into elaborate designs, demonstrating a high level of craftsmanship. The hallmark of this style is the seamless blending of text and geometry, where the complexity of the composition reflects the artist's skill in maintaining both readability and aesthetic harmony.
